Screen Size and Pixel Density

Works out the width and height of a screen from its diagonal and its aspect ratio. A screen described as 27 inches is quoting the diagonal, which alone does not fix its size. Adding the pixel count gives the pixel density in ppi.

A screen is sold by its diagonal, which alone does not say how large it is. This works out the width and height from the diagonal and the aspect ratio.

w=d×rwrw2+rh2,h=d×rhrw2+rh2w = \dfrac{d \times r_w}{\sqrt{r_w^2 + r_h^2}}, \quad h = \dfrac{d \times r_h}{\sqrt{r_w^2 + r_h^2}}

dd is the diagonal and rw:rhr_w : r_h the aspect ratio. Treating the ratio as the sides of a right triangle, its hypotenuse scales the diagonal down to each side.

The same diagonal, different sizes

Aspect ratio changes what a diagonal means. A 27-inch screen at 16:9 is 59.8 by 33.6 cm with an area of 2010 cm², while the same 27 inches at 4:3 would be 54.9 by 41.1 cm and 2256 cm², a good deal more. The squarer the shape, the more area a given diagonal encloses.

Pixel density

Dividing the pixels across by the width in inches gives the density in ppi. A 27-inch screen 2560 pixels wide comes to 108.8 ppi. Around 100 ppi is ordinary and past 200 the pixels stop being visible at a normal viewing distance.

Example

A 27-inch 16:9 screen with 2560 pixels across is 59.77 cm wide and 33.62 cm tall, 2010 cm² in area, at 108.8 ppi.

Notes

The diagonal quoted is the display area itself and excludes the bezel. Older televisions were sometimes quoted including it, which is why the figures did not match.