cff.rs

//! CFF の字形を読む
//!
//! OpenType のうち OTTO のものは、字形を CFF の charstring として持っている。
//! ここでは INDEX と DICT をたどって charstring を取り出し、Type 2 の命令を解いて輪郭に直す。
//!
//! 字送りは hmtx から取るので、charstring の先頭に付くことのある幅は読み飛ばすだけでよい。

use crate::error::Error;
use crate::opentype::{read_u16, read_u32, read_u8};
use crate::outline::{Outline, Segment};


/// 字形を引くのに要る位置
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Cff {
    /// 字形ごとの charstring のバイト範囲
    charstring: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
    /// 大域のサブルーチン
    global: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
    /// 局所のサブルーチン。CID のフォントでは字形によって使う組が変わる
    local: Vec<Vec<(usize, usize)>>,
    /// 字形番号から local の添字へ。CID でなければ None
    select: Option<Vec<u8>>,
    /// charstring の座標をフォントの単位に直す倍率
    unit: f64,
}


/// 入れ子のサブルーチンをたどる深さの上限
const CALL_LIMIT: usize = 10;

/// charstring の積みの上限
const STACK_LIMIT: usize = 48;


pub fn glyph_count(cff: &Cff) -> usize {
    cff.charstring.len()
}


/// CFF のテーブルを読む
pub fn parse(data: &[u8], at: usize, units_per_em: f64) -> Result<Cff, Error> {
    let header_size = read_u8(data, at + 2)? as usize;
    let after_name = skip_index(data, at + header_size)?;
    let (top_dict, after_top) = first_index_entry(data, after_name)?;
    let after_string = skip_index(data, after_top)?;
    let global = index_entries(data, after_string)?;
    let top = parse_dict(data, top_dict.0, top_dict.1)?;

    if let Some(kind) = top.get(&Key::Two(6)) {
        if kind.first().copied().unwrap_or(2.0) != 2.0 {
            return Err(Error::new("CharstringType が 2 ではありません", at));
        }
    }

    // DICT に入っている位置は、どれも CFF テーブルの先頭から数えたものである
    let charstring_at = at + operand(&top, Key::One(17), at, "CharStrings")? as usize;
    let charstring = index_entries(data, charstring_at)?;
    let unit = font_matrix_unit(&top, units_per_em);
    let (local, select) = read_private(data, at, &top, charstring.len())?;

    Ok(Cff {charstring, global, local, select, unit})
}


/// FontMatrix から、charstring の座標をフォントの単位に直す倍率を出す
fn font_matrix_unit(top: &Dict, units_per_em: f64) -> f64 {
    let scale = top
        .get(&Key::Two(7))
        .and_then(|value| value.first().copied())
        .unwrap_or(0.001);

    if scale <= 0.0 {
        return 1.0;
    }

    scale * units_per_em
}


/// INDEX の各項のバイト範囲
type Ranges = Vec<(usize, usize)>;


/// 局所サブルーチンの組と、字形番号からその組を引く表
type Private = (Vec<Ranges>, Option<Vec<u8>>);


/// 局所サブルーチンを読む。CID のフォントは FDArray と FDSelect をたどる
fn read_private(data: &[u8], at: usize, top: &Dict, count: usize) -> Result<Private, Error> {
    if let Some(array_at) = top.get(&Key::Two(36)).and_then(|value| value.first().copied()) {
        let fonts = index_entries(data, at + array_at as usize)?;
        let mut local = Vec::with_capacity(fonts.len());

        for (start, end) in fonts {
            let dict = parse_dict(data, start, end)?;
            local.push(local_subr(data, at, &dict)?);
        }

        let select_at = top.get(&Key::Two(37)).and_then(|value| value.first().copied());
        let select = match select_at {
            Some(offset) => Some(read_select(data, at + offset as usize, count)?),
            None => None,
        };

        return Ok((local, select));
    }

    Ok((vec![local_subr(data, at, top)?], None))
}


fn local_subr(data: &[u8], at: usize, dict: &Dict) -> Result<Ranges, Error> {
    let private = match dict.get(&Key::One(18)) {
        Some(value) if value.len() >= 2 => value,
        _ => return Ok(Vec::new()),
    };
    let size = private[0] as usize;
    let start = at + private[1] as usize;
    let inner = parse_dict(data, start, start + size)?;

    match inner.get(&Key::One(19)).and_then(|value| value.first().copied()) {
        Some(offset) => index_entries(data, start + offset as usize),
        None => Ok(Vec::new()),
    }
}


/// FDSelect。字形番号から FDArray の添字を引く
fn read_select(data: &[u8], at: usize, count: usize) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
    let mut found = vec![0u8; count];

    match read_u8(data, at)? {
        0 => {
            for (index, slot) in found.iter_mut().enumerate() {
                *slot = read_u8(data, at + 1 + index)?;
            }
        }
        3 => {
            let ranges = read_u16(data, at + 1)? as usize;
            let sentinel = read_u16(data, at + 3 + ranges * 3)? as usize;

            for index in 0..ranges {
                let entry = at + 3 + index * 3;
                let first = read_u16(data, entry)? as usize;
                let font = read_u8(data, entry + 2)?;
                let next = if index + 1 == ranges {
                    sentinel
                } else {
                    read_u16(data, entry + 3)? as usize
                };

                for slot in found.iter_mut().take(next.min(count)).skip(first) {
                    *slot = font;
                }
            }
        }
        other => return Err(Error::new(format!("FDSelect の形式 {other} は読めません"), at)),
    }

    Ok(found)
}


// ── INDEX ──


/// INDEX の各項を読む
fn index_entries(data: &[u8], at: usize) -> Result<Ranges, Error> {
    let count = read_u16(data, at)? as usize;

    if count == 0 {
        return Ok(Vec::new());
    }

    let offset_size = read_u8(data, at + 2)? as usize;

    if offset_size == 0 || offset_size > 4 {
        return Err(Error::new(format!("INDEX の offSize {offset_size} は読めません"), at + 2));
    }

    let table = at + 3;
    let base = table + (count + 1) * offset_size - 1;
    let mut found = Vec::with_capacity(count);

    for index in 0..count {
        let start = base + read_offset(data, table + index * offset_size, offset_size)?;
        let end = base + read_offset(data, table + (index + 1) * offset_size, offset_size)?;

        if end < start || end > data.len() {
            return Err(Error::new("INDEX の範囲が壊れています", at));
        }

        found.push((start, end));
    }

    Ok(found)
}


fn read_offset(data: &[u8], at: usize, size: usize) -> Result<usize, Error> {
    let mut value = 0usize;

    for step in 0..size {
        value = (value << 8) | read_u8(data, at + step)? as usize;
    }

    Ok(value)
}


/// INDEX の終わりの位置
fn skip_index(data: &[u8], at: usize) -> Result<usize, Error> {
    let count = read_u16(data, at)? as usize;

    if count == 0 {
        return Ok(at + 2);
    }

    let offset_size = read_u8(data, at + 2)? as usize;

    if offset_size == 0 || offset_size > 4 {
        return Err(Error::new(format!("INDEX の offSize {offset_size} は読めません"), at + 2));
    }

    let table = at + 3;
    let last = read_offset(data, table + count * offset_size, offset_size)?;

    Ok(table + (count + 1) * offset_size - 1 + last)
}


/// INDEX の先頭の項と、INDEX の終わりの位置
fn first_index_entry(data: &[u8], at: usize) -> Result<((usize, usize), usize), Error> {
    let entries = index_entries(data, at)?;
    let first = match entries.first() {
        Some(found) => *found,
        None => return Err(Error::new("Top DICT の INDEX が空です", at)),
    };

    Ok((first, skip_index(data, at)?))
}


// ── DICT ──


#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
enum Key {
    One(u8),
    Two(u8),
}


type Dict = std::collections::HashMap<Key, Vec<f64>>;


fn operand(dict: &Dict, key: Key, at: usize, name: &str) -> Result<f64, Error> {
    match dict.get(&key).and_then(|value| value.first().copied()) {
        Some(found) => Ok(found),
        None => Err(Error::new(format!("CFF の {name} がありません"), at)),
    }
}


fn parse_dict(data: &[u8], start: usize, end: usize) -> Result<Dict, Error> {
    let mut dict = Dict::new();
    let mut operands: Vec<f64> = Vec::new();
    let mut at = start;

    while at < end {
        let first = read_u8(data, at)?;

        if first <= 21 {
            let key = if first == 12 {
                at += 1;
                Key::Two(read_u8(data, at)?)
            } else {
                Key::One(first)
            };
            at += 1;
            dict.insert(key, std::mem::take(&mut operands));

            continue;
        }

        let (value, next) = read_operand(data, at)?;
        operands.push(value);
        at = next;
    }

    Ok(dict)
}


fn read_operand(data: &[u8], at: usize) -> Result<(f64, usize), Error> {
    let first = read_u8(data, at)?;

    if (32..=246).contains(&first) {
        return Ok((first as f64 - 139.0, at + 1));
    }

    if (247..=250).contains(&first) {
        let second = read_u8(data, at + 1)? as f64;

        return Ok(((first as f64 - 247.0) * 256.0 + second + 108.0, at + 2));
    }

    if (251..=254).contains(&first) {
        let second = read_u8(data, at + 1)? as f64;

        return Ok((-(first as f64 - 251.0) * 256.0 - second - 108.0, at + 2));
    }

    if first == 28 {
        return Ok((read_u16(data, at + 1)? as i16 as f64, at + 3));
    }

    if first == 29 {
        return Ok((read_u32(data, at + 1)? as i32 as f64, at + 5));
    }

    if first == 30 {
        return read_real(data, at + 1);
    }

    Err(Error::new(format!("DICT の値 {first} を読めません"), at))
}


/// charstring に置かれた数。DICT とほとんど同じだが、255 が 16.16 の固定小数になる
fn read_number(data: &[u8], at: usize) -> Result<(f64, usize), Error> {
    if read_u8(data, at)? == 255 {
        let raw = read_u32(data, at + 1)? as i32;

        return Ok((raw as f64 / 65536.0, at + 5));
    }

    read_operand(data, at)
}


/// 実数。4 ビットずつの数字で書いてある
fn read_real(data: &[u8], at: usize) -> Result<(f64, usize), Error> {
    let mut text = String::new();
    let mut cursor = at;

    loop {
        let byte = read_u8(data, cursor)?;
        cursor += 1;

        for nibble in [byte >> 4, byte & 0x0f] {
            match nibble {
                0..=9 => text.push((b'0' + nibble) as char),
                0x0a => text.push('.'),
                0x0b => text.push('E'),
                0x0c => text.push_str("E-"),
                0x0e => text.push('-'),
                0x0f => {
                    let value = text.parse::<f64>().unwrap_or(0.0);

                    return Ok((value, cursor));
                }
                _ => {}
            }
        }
    }
}


// ── charstring ──


struct Machine<'a> {
    data: &'a [u8],
    global: &'a [(usize, usize)],
    local: &'a [(usize, usize)],
    stack: Vec<f64>,
    x: f64,
    y: f64,
    stem: usize,
    width_seen: bool,
    open: bool,
    outline: Outline,
}


/// サブルーチンの番号にかかる下駄
fn bias(count: usize) -> i32 {
    if count < 1240 {
        107
    } else if count < 33900 {
        1131
    } else {
        32768
    }
}


/// 1 つの字形の輪郭。座標はフォントの単位で、y は上向き
pub fn outline(data: &[u8], cff: &Cff, glyph: u16) -> Result<Outline, Error> {
    let index = glyph as usize;
    let range = match cff.charstring.get(index) {
        Some(found) => *found,
        None => return Ok(Outline::default()),
    };
    let font = match &cff.select {
        Some(select) => select.get(index).copied().unwrap_or(0) as usize,
        None => 0,
    };
    let empty: Vec<(usize, usize)> = Vec::new();
    let local = cff.local.get(font).unwrap_or(&empty);
    let mut machine = Machine {
        data,
        global: &cff.global,
        local,
        stack: Vec::with_capacity(STACK_LIMIT),
        x: 0.0,
        y: 0.0,
        stem: 0,
        width_seen: false,
        open: false,
        outline: Outline::default(),
    };

    run(&mut machine, range.0, range.1, 0)?;

    if machine.open {
        machine.outline.segment.push(Segment::Close);
    }

    if cff.unit != 1.0 {
        scale_outline(&mut machine.outline, cff.unit);
    }

    Ok(machine.outline)
}


fn scale_outline(outline: &mut Outline, unit: f64) {
    for segment in &mut outline.segment {
        match segment {
            Segment::Move {x, y} | Segment::Line {x, y} => {
                *x *= unit;
                *y *= unit;
            }
            Segment::Quadratic {x1, y1, x, y} => {
                *x1 *= unit;
                *y1 *= unit;
                *x *= unit;
                *y *= unit;
            }
            Segment::Cubic {x1, y1, x2, y2, x, y} => {
                *x1 *= unit;
                *y1 *= unit;
                *x2 *= unit;
                *y2 *= unit;
                *x *= unit;
                *y *= unit;
            }
            Segment::Close => {}
        }
    }
}


fn move_to(machine: &mut Machine, dx: f64, dy: f64) {
    if machine.open {
        machine.outline.segment.push(Segment::Close);
    }

    machine.x += dx;
    machine.y += dy;
    machine.outline.segment.push(Segment::Move {x: machine.x, y: machine.y});
    machine.open = true;
}


fn line_to(machine: &mut Machine, dx: f64, dy: f64) {
    machine.x += dx;
    machine.y += dy;
    machine.outline.segment.push(Segment::Line {x: machine.x, y: machine.y});
}


fn curve_to(machine: &mut Machine, delta: [f64; 6]) {
    let x1 = machine.x + delta[0];
    let y1 = machine.y + delta[1];
    let x2 = x1 + delta[2];
    let y2 = y1 + delta[3];
    machine.x = x2 + delta[4];
    machine.y = y2 + delta[5];
    machine.outline.segment.push(Segment::Cubic {
        x1,
        y1,
        x2,
        y2,
        x: machine.x,
        y: machine.y,
    });
}


/// 幅が先頭に付いているなら落とす。積みを空にする命令の 1 回目だけに起きる
fn drop_width(machine: &mut Machine, expected: usize, even: bool) {
    if machine.width_seen {
        return;
    }

    machine.width_seen = true;

    let extra = if even {
        machine.stack.len() % 2 == 1
    } else {
        machine.stack.len() > expected
    };

    if extra && !machine.stack.is_empty() {
        machine.stack.remove(0);
    }
}


fn run(machine: &mut Machine, start: usize, end: usize, depth: usize) -> Result<bool, Error> {
    if depth > CALL_LIMIT {
        return Err(Error::new("charstring の入れ子が深すぎます", start));
    }

    let mut at = start;

    while at < end {
        let code = read_u8(machine.data, at)?;
        at += 1;

        if code >= 32 || code == 28 {
            let (value, next) = read_number(machine.data, at - 1)?;

            if machine.stack.len() >= STACK_LIMIT {
                return Err(Error::new("charstring の積みがあふれました", at));
            }

            machine.stack.push(value);
            at = next;

            continue;
        }

        match code {
            1 | 3 | 18 | 23 => {
                drop_width(machine, 0, true);
                machine.stem += machine.stack.len() / 2;
                machine.stack.clear();
            }
            19 | 20 => {
                drop_width(machine, 0, true);
                machine.stem += machine.stack.len() / 2;
                machine.stack.clear();
                at += machine.stem.div_ceil(8);
            }
            21 => {
                drop_width(machine, 2, false);
                let dx = machine.stack.first().copied().unwrap_or(0.0);
                let dy = machine.stack.get(1).copied().unwrap_or(0.0);
                move_to(machine, dx, dy);
                machine.stack.clear();
            }
            22 => {
                drop_width(machine, 1, false);
                let dx = machine.stack.first().copied().unwrap_or(0.0);
                move_to(machine, dx, 0.0);
                machine.stack.clear();
            }
            4 => {
                drop_width(machine, 1, false);
                let dy = machine.stack.first().copied().unwrap_or(0.0);
                move_to(machine, 0.0, dy);
                machine.stack.clear();
            }
            5 => {
                let taken = std::mem::take(&mut machine.stack);

                for pair in taken.chunks_exact(2) {
                    line_to(machine, pair[0], pair[1]);
                }
            }
            6 | 7 => {
                let taken = std::mem::take(&mut machine.stack);
                let mut horizontal = code == 6;

                for value in taken {
                    if horizontal {
                        line_to(machine, value, 0.0);
                    } else {
                        line_to(machine, 0.0, value);
                    }

                    horizontal = !horizontal;
                }
            }
            8 => {
                let taken = std::mem::take(&mut machine.stack);

                for six in taken.chunks_exact(6) {
                    curve_to(machine, [six[0], six[1], six[2], six[3], six[4], six[5]]);
                }
            }
            24 => {
                let taken = std::mem::take(&mut machine.stack);
                let curves = (taken.len().saturating_sub(2)) / 6;

                for index in 0..curves {
                    let six = &taken[index * 6..index * 6 + 6];
                    curve_to(machine, [six[0], six[1], six[2], six[3], six[4], six[5]]);
                }

                if taken.len() >= curves * 6 + 2 {
                    line_to(machine, taken[curves * 6], taken[curves * 6 + 1]);
                }
            }
            25 => {
                let taken = std::mem::take(&mut machine.stack);
                let lines = (taken.len().saturating_sub(6)) / 2;

                for index in 0..lines {
                    line_to(machine, taken[index * 2], taken[index * 2 + 1]);
                }

                let rest = lines * 2;

                if taken.len() >= rest + 6 {
                    let six = &taken[rest..rest + 6];
                    curve_to(machine, [six[0], six[1], six[2], six[3], six[4], six[5]]);
                }
            }
            26 | 27 => {
                let taken = std::mem::take(&mut machine.stack);
                let mut index = 0;
                let mut first = 0.0;

                if taken.len() % 4 == 1 {
                    first = taken[0];
                    index = 1;
                }

                while index + 4 <= taken.len() {
                    let four = &taken[index..index + 4];

                    if code == 26 {
                        curve_to(machine, [first, four[0], four[1], four[2], 0.0, four[3]]);
                    } else {
                        curve_to(machine, [four[0], first, four[1], four[2], four[3], 0.0]);
                    }

                    first = 0.0;
                    index += 4;
                }
            }
            30 | 31 => {
                let taken = std::mem::take(&mut machine.stack);
                let mut horizontal = code == 31;
                let mut index = 0;

                while index + 4 <= taken.len() {
                    let four = &taken[index..index + 4];
                    let last = index + 8 > taken.len();
                    let extra = if last && taken.len() == index + 5 {
                        taken[index + 4]
                    } else {
                        0.0
                    };

                    if horizontal {
                        curve_to(machine, [four[0], 0.0, four[1], four[2], extra, four[3]]);
                    } else {
                        curve_to(machine, [0.0, four[0], four[1], four[2], four[3], extra]);
                    }

                    horizontal = !horizontal;
                    index += 4;
                }
            }
            10 | 29 => {
                let table = if code == 10 {machine.local} else {machine.global};
                let number = match machine.stack.pop() {
                    Some(value) => value,
                    None => return Err(Error::new("サブルーチンの番号がありません", at)),
                };
                let target = number as i32 + bias(table.len());

                if target < 0 || target as usize >= table.len() {
                    return Err(Error::new(format!("サブルーチン {target} がありません"), at));
                }

                let range = table[target as usize];

                if run(machine, range.0, range.1, depth + 1)? {
                    return Ok(true);
                }
            }
            11 => return Ok(false),
            14 => {
                if machine.stack.len() == 4 || machine.stack.len() == 5 {
                    return Err(Error::new("seac の字形は読めません", at));
                }

                drop_width(machine, 0, false);
                machine.stack.clear();

                return Ok(true);
            }
            12 => {
                let second = read_u8(machine.data, at)?;
                at += 1;
                flex(machine, second, at)?;
            }
            other => return Err(Error::new(format!("charstring の命令 {other} は読めません"), at)),
        }
    }

    Ok(false)
}


/// 平たい曲線を描く 4 つの命令
fn flex(machine: &mut Machine, code: u8, at: usize) -> Result<(), Error> {
    let taken = std::mem::take(&mut machine.stack);

    match code {
        35 if taken.len() >= 12 => {
            curve_to(machine, [taken[0], taken[1], taken[2], taken[3], taken[4], taken[5]]);
            curve_to(machine, [taken[6], taken[7], taken[8], taken[9], taken[10], taken[11]]);
        }
        34 if taken.len() >= 7 => {
            let start_y = machine.y;
            curve_to(machine, [taken[0], 0.0, taken[1], taken[2], taken[3], 0.0]);
            let back = start_y - machine.y;
            curve_to(machine, [taken[4], 0.0, taken[5], back, taken[6], 0.0]);
        }
        36 if taken.len() >= 9 => {
            let start_y = machine.y;
            curve_to(machine, [taken[0], taken[1], taken[2], taken[3], taken[4], 0.0]);
            let back = start_y - (machine.y + taken[7]);
            curve_to(machine, [taken[5], 0.0, taken[6], taken[7], taken[8], back]);
        }
        37 if taken.len() >= 11 => {
            let start_x = machine.x;
            let start_y = machine.y;
            let dx: f64 = [taken[0], taken[2], taken[4], taken[6], taken[8]].iter().sum();
            let dy: f64 = [taken[1], taken[3], taken[5], taken[7], taken[9]].iter().sum();
            curve_to(machine, [taken[0], taken[1], taken[2], taken[3], taken[4], taken[5]]);
            let ahead_x = machine.x + taken[6] + taken[8];
            let ahead_y = machine.y + taken[7] + taken[9];

            let (last_x, last_y) = if dx.abs() > dy.abs() {
                (taken[10], start_y - ahead_y)
            } else {
                (start_x - ahead_x, taken[10])
            };
            curve_to(machine, [taken[6], taken[7], taken[8], taken[9], last_x, last_y]);
        }
        other => return Err(Error::new(format!("charstring の命令 12 {other} は読めません"), at)),
    }

    Ok(())
}


#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::opentype::{Head, character_map, glyph_count as count_glyph, head, require};
    use crate::outline::bounds;

    fn font() -> (Vec<u8>, Cff, Head) {
        let data = std::fs::read("font/latinmodern-math.otf").expect("試験用のフォントを読めません");
        let (head_at, _) = require(&data, "head").unwrap();
        let shape = head(&data, head_at).unwrap();
        let (cff_at, _) = require(&data, "CFF ").unwrap();
        let parsed = parse(&data, cff_at, shape.units_per_em).unwrap();

        (data, parsed, shape)
    }

    #[test]
    fn the_glyph_count_matches_maxp() {
        let (data, cff, _) = font();
        let (maxp_at, _) = require(&data, "maxp").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(glyph_count(&cff), count_glyph(&data, maxp_at).unwrap());
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_letter_has_a_sensible_box() {
        let (data, cff, shape) = font();
        let (cmap_at, _) = require(&data, "cmap").unwrap();
        let map = character_map(&data, cmap_at).unwrap();
        let drawn = outline(&data, &cff, map[&'x']).unwrap();
        let (left, bottom, right, top) = bounds(&drawn);
        assert!(left >= -50.0 && right < shape.units_per_em);
        assert!(bottom.abs() < 30.0, "x に深さが出ています: {bottom}");
        assert!(top > 0.3 * shape.units_per_em && top < 0.6 * shape.units_per_em, "x の高さ: {top}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_descender_reaches_below_the_baseline() {
        let (data, cff, _) = font();
        let (cmap_at, _) = require(&data, "cmap").unwrap();
        let map = character_map(&data, cmap_at).unwrap();
        let (_, bottom, _, _) = bounds(&outline(&data, &cff, map[&'y']).unwrap());
        assert!(bottom < -100.0, "y の深さ: {bottom}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn every_glyph_in_the_font_can_be_read() {
        let (data, cff, _) = font();
        let total = glyph_count(&cff);

        for glyph in 0..total {
            let result = outline(&data, &cff, glyph as u16);
            assert!(result.is_ok(), "字形 {glyph} を読めません: {:?}", result.err());
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn reads_a_font_that_uses_fixed_point_numbers() {
        let path = "/System/Library/Fonts/Supplemental/STIXTwoMath.otf";
        let Ok(data) = std::fs::read(path) else {
            return;
        };
        let (head_at, _) = require(&data, "head").unwrap();
        let shape = head(&data, head_at).unwrap();
        let (cff_at, _) = require(&data, "CFF ").unwrap();
        let parsed = parse(&data, cff_at, shape.units_per_em).unwrap();

        for glyph in 0..glyph_count(&parsed) {
            let result = outline(&data, &parsed, glyph as u16);
            assert!(result.is_ok(), "字形 {glyph} を読めません: {:?}", result.err());
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_missing_glyph_gives_an_empty_outline() {
        let (data, cff, _) = font();
        assert_eq!(outline(&data, &cff, 60000).unwrap(), Outline::default());
    }
}